牛津街是英國首要的購物街，每年吸引了來自全球的3千萬游客到此觀光購物。它是倫敦西區購物的中心，是英國最繁忙的街道。眾多的購物者都被這條長1.25英里的街道上云集的超過300家的世界大型商場所吸引。
牛津街享有遍及全球的聲譽，它不僅吸引了英國其它地方的游客，也吸引了大量的海外游客。據估計，每年有9百萬外國游客來這里參觀購物，他們在這里的消費占牛津街全部收入的20%。如同零售一樣，這條街也是千萬人的工作場所。在圣誕節的高峰時期，這里有大約6萬人。牛津街還為倫敦的中心提供了一條重要的交通干線，每小時有50輛公共汽車運行，4個地鐵站與5條線路相連，從而確保了公共運輸網的核心地理位置。

歷 史

從羅馬時代直到17世紀，牛津街主要室作為從倫敦西城之外到牛津地區的線路而存在的。那時最東部地區已經在南邊有所發展，但是北邊還沒有什么重大發展。18世紀末期，主要的有大片建筑物的土地的興建，即南部高斯彎那Grosvenor，北部波特曼Portman和波特蘭Portland (今日的霍華德沃頓 Howard de Walden) 的興建使得牛津街很大程度上成為現在的樣子。一流的購物中心在20世紀開始起步，同時也伴隨著一些正在向主要商店發展的小店鋪的開業，像1865年首次開業的賽爾夫瑞至(Selfridges)，它比較大的一部分在1929年才面向公眾。

現在的情形

20**年1月對牛津街零售商進行的調查表明，對于2/3的受調查人來說，買賣金額普遍有所升高，且預期在今后12個月里還會升高。然而55%的人們堅持認為牛津街的綜合貿易額受到了藍水（Blue Water）——一家最近在倫敦東邊城外建造的購物中心——的不利影響。這也是為什么有越來越多的聲音呼吁牛津街在環境上更進一步優化治理的原因之一。

以前的改進

牛津街，牛津廣場西部的改進是在1992年2月到1995年11月期間實行的。方案是通過資金計劃，根據商業貢獻制訂的。所設計的改進方案是希望通過更好的交通管理來達到改造行人空間，改造環境和設施，增強安全的目的。這些改進包括很多方面：拓寬并用淺黃的約克色調（York Tone）重鋪人行道；重新組織擺放街邊擺設，使砌邊石后面的街道干凈整潔，以便給行人留出無障礙物的通道；把電話亭挪進小巷安置；有選擇地封閉一些小巷，從而提供一條更連貫的人行道，既保障了行人的安全，也避免了一些受限制的車輛進入大街；建立新的雙重目的的照明系統，從一根電線桿上瑤同時照射車道和人行道，這些電線桿上還要有能安置旗幟橫幅的連接物；修建公共汽車的路邊停車處，等等。
這些改進原本計劃從牛津廣場一直向東延伸，由于金融的約束力，改進被拖延；同時由于建筑物安全條例，關閉牛津街是要求出臺，這對于依然保持單向交通的處于初始階段的工程來說并不是必須的。


進一步的改進

目前有一份關于牛津街東區進一步改善環境治理的提議，預期在20**年8月開始貫徹實施。這些改進措施將包括增加18%的人行道空間，改善街道照明系統，使街道布局更為合理，7.5米的車道和改良后的行人過街設施。這些工作計劃將在20**年3月以前完成，預計耗資3.25百萬英磅。
這些工作將在與牛津街協會的磋商下實行，這一協會為其提供財政支持。協會成員是由大街的主要地產主組成的。由牛津街的前期居住者組成的新西區公司也會進行財政幫助。

O*ford street

O*ford Street is the UK’S premier shopping street attracting some 30 million visitors from around the world every year. It represents the heart of London’s West End shopping making it Britain’s busiest street with shoppers attracted by one of the highest concentrations of large shops in the world with more than 300 in total along its one and a quarter mile length.

It has a world-wide reputation and attracts many visitors from both the rest of Britain and overseas. An estimated nine million foreign tourists visit the street each year and account for about 20% of its income. As well as retail the street is the

workplace for thousands of people, about sixty thousand during the peak Christmas period. The Street also provides a vital transport artery in the heart of London carrying 250 buses an hour and four Underground stations supporting five lines which ensures its geographic position at the center of the capitals public transport network..

History

From Roman times until the end of the seventeenth century O*ford Street e*isted primarily as a route out of the city of London westward to O*ford. The extreme eastern end had development on the south side but there was no significant development on the northern side. By the end of the eighteenth century however the growth of major estates, Grosvenor to the south and Portman and Portland (now Howard de Walden) to the north had largely fi*ed the line of O*ford Street that e*ists today. The prime shopping center really began to develop in the twentieth century with the opening of the major stores, often developing from smaller shops, for e*ample Selfridges which first opened in 1865 but the larger part of the store didn’t open until 1909.

Current Situation

A recent O*ford Street Retailers Survey, undertaken in January 20** has shown that the trading performance has been generally up with two thirds of the respondents e*pecting it to increase over the next twelve months. However 55% maintain that O*ford Street general trade has been adversely affected by Blue. Water-the recent out of town shopping center built to the ease of London. This is one of the reasons for the increasing calls for further environmental enhancements to O*ford Street.

Previous Improvements

Improvements to O*ford Street, west of O*ford Circus, were carried out between February 1992 and November 1995. The scheme was funded through the Capital Programme, with contributions from businesses. The improvements were designed to improve pedestrian space, the environment and facilities and to improve safety through the better control of traffic. These improvements included, widening and re-paving the footways with York Tone buff coloured paving. Replacing and reorganising the street furniture into one neat line behind the kerb to leave an unobstructed walkway for pedestrians. Relocating telephone booths to the sidestreets. Closing off selected sidestreets to provide a more continuous footway enhancing

pedestrian safety and preventing restricted traffic from entering the street. Erecting new, dual purpose lighting covering both the carriageway and footway from one post. The posts also included attachments enabling banners to be put up. Creating bus lay-bys….

These improvements were originally intended to be carried further east along O*ford Street(O*ford Street east) from O*ford Circus. The improvements were stalled due to financial constraints and the requirement to close the street due to changes in construction safety regulations, which was not necessary for the previous phases of the work where one way traffic was maintained.

Further Improvements

Currently there is a proposal for further environmental improvements for the eastern section of O*ford Street with implementation e*pected to start in August 20**. These improvements would include upgrading and increasing the footway space by 18%, improving street lighting, rationalizing street furniture, a 7.5m carriageway and improved pedestrian crossing facilities. This work is scheduled for completion by March 20** and estimated to cost 3.52m.
This work will be carried out in consultation with the O*ford Street Association who is contributing financially to it. The association is made up of the major landowners on the street. There is also the New West End Company, which is made up of the occupiers of the premises on O*ford Street.

篇2：英國倫敦牛津街OXford street

牛津街是英國首要的購物街，每年吸引了來自全球的3千萬游客到此觀光購物。它是倫敦西區購物的中心，是英國最繁忙的街道。眾多的購物者都被這條長1.25英里的街道上云集的超過300家的世界大型商場所吸引。
牛津街享有遍及全球的聲譽，它不僅吸引了英國其它地方的游客，也吸引了大量的海外游客。據估計，每年有9百萬外國游客來這里參觀購物，他們在這里的消費占牛津街全部收入的20%。如同零售一樣，這條街也是千萬人的工作場所。在圣誕節的高峰時期，這里有大約6萬人。牛津街還為倫敦的中心提供了一條重要的交通干線，每小時有50輛公共汽車運行，4個地鐵站與5條線路相連，從而確保了公共運輸網的核心地理位置。

歷 史

從羅馬時代直到17世紀，牛津街主要室作為從倫敦西城之外到牛津地區的線路而存在的。那時最東部地區已經在南邊有所發展，但是北邊還沒有什么重大發展。18世紀末期，主要的有大片建筑物的土地的興建，即南部高斯彎那Grosvenor，北部波特曼Portman和波特蘭Portland (今日的霍華德沃頓 Howard de Walden) 的興建使得牛津街很大程度上成為現在的樣子。一流的購物中心在20世紀開始起步，同時也伴隨著一些正在向主要商店發展的小店鋪的開業，像1865年首次開業的賽爾夫瑞至(Selfridges)，它比較大的一部分在1929年才面向公眾。

現在的情形

20**年1月對牛津街零售商進行的調查表明，對于2/3的受調查人來說，買賣金額普遍有所升高，且預期在今后12個月里還會升高。然而55%的人們堅持認為牛津街的綜合貿易額受到了藍水（Blue Water）——一家最近在倫敦東邊城外建造的購物中心——的不利影響。這也是為什么有越來越多的聲音呼吁牛津街在環境上更進一步優化治理的原因之一。

以前的改進

牛津街，牛津廣場西部的改進是在1992年2月到1995年11月期間實行的。方案是通過資金計劃，根據商業貢獻制訂的。所設計的改進方案是希望通過更好的交通管理來達到改造行人空間，改造環境和設施，增強安全的目的。這些改進包括很多方面：拓寬并用淺黃的約克色調（York Tone）重鋪人行道；重新組織擺放街邊擺設，使砌邊石后面的街道干凈整潔，以便給行人留出無障礙物的通道；把電話亭挪進小巷安置；有選擇地封閉一些小巷，從而提供一條更連貫的人行道，既保障了行人的安全，也避免了一些受限制的車輛進入大街；建立新的雙重目的的照明系統，從一根電線桿上瑤同時照射車道和人行道，這些電線桿上還要有能安置旗幟橫幅的連接物；修建公共汽車的路邊停車處，等等。
這些改進原本計劃從牛津廣場一直向東延伸，由于金融的約束力，改進被拖延；同時由于建筑物安全條例，關閉牛津街是要求出臺，這對于依然保持單向交通的處于初始階段的工程來說并不是必須的。


進一步的改進

目前有一份關于牛津街東區進一步改善環境治理的提議，預期在20**年8月開始貫徹實施。這些改進措施將包括增加18%的人行道空間，改善街道照明系統，使街道布局更為合理，7.5米的車道和改良后的行人過街設施。這些工作計劃將在20**年3月以前完成，預計耗資3.25百萬英磅。
這些工作將在與牛津街協會的磋商下實行，這一協會為其提供財政支持。協會成員是由大街的主要地產主組成的。由牛津街的前期居住者組成的新西區公司也會進行財政幫助。

O*ford street

O*ford Street is the UK’S premier shopping street attracting some 30 million visitors from around the world every year. It represents the heart of London’s West End shopping making it Britain’s busiest street with shoppers attracted by one of the highest concentrations of large shops in the world with more than 300 in total along its one and a quarter mile length.

It has a world-wide reputation and attracts many visitors from both the rest of Britain and overseas. An estimated nine million foreign tourists visit the street each year and account for about 20% of its income. As well as retail the street is the

workplace for thousands of people, about sixty thousand during the peak Christmas period. The Street also provides a vital transport artery in the heart of London carrying 250 buses an hour and four Underground stations supporting five lines which ensures its geographic position at the center of the capitals public transport network..

History

From Roman times until the end of the seventeenth century O*ford Street e*isted primarily as a route out of the city of London westward to O*ford. The extreme eastern end had development on the south side but there was no significant development on the northern side. By the end of the eighteenth century however the growth of major estates, Grosvenor to the south and Portman and Portland (now Howard de Walden) to the north had largely fi*ed the line of O*ford Street that e*ists today. The prime shopping center really began to develop in the twentieth century with the opening of the major stores, often developing from smaller shops, for e*ample Selfridges which first opened in 1865 but the larger part of the store didn’t open until 1909.

Current Situation

A recent O*ford Street Retailers Survey, undertaken in January 20** has shown that the trading performance has been generally up with two thirds of the respondents e*pecting it to increase over the next twelve months. However 55% maintain that O*ford Street general trade has been adversely affected by Blue. Water-the recent out of town shopping center built to the ease of London. This is one of the reasons for the increasing calls for further environmental enhancements to O*ford Street.

Previous Improvements

Improvements to O*ford Street, west of O*ford Circus, were carried out between February 1992 and November 1995. The scheme was funded through the Capital Programme, with contributions from businesses. The improvements were designed to improve pedestrian space, the environment and facilities and to improve safety through the better control of traffic. These improvements included, widening and re-paving the footways with York Tone buff coloured paving. Replacing and reorganising the street furniture into one neat line behind the kerb to leave an unobstructed walkway for pedestrians. Relocating telephone booths to the sidestreets. Closing off selected sidestreets to provide a more continuous footway enhancing

pedestrian safety and preventing restricted traffic from entering the street. Erecting new, dual purpose lighting covering both the carriageway and footway from one post. The posts also included attachments enabling banners to be put up. Creating bus lay-bys….

These improvements were originally intended to be carried further east along O*ford Street(O*ford Street east) from O*ford Circus. The improvements were stalled due to financial constraints and the requirement to close the street due to changes in construction safety regulations, which was not necessary for the previous phases of the work where one way traffic was maintained.

Further Improvements

Currently there is a proposal for further environmental improvements for the eastern section of O*ford Street with implementation e*pected to start in August 20**. These improvements would include upgrading and increasing the footway space by 18%, improving street lighting, rationalizing street furniture, a 7.5m carriageway and improved pedestrian crossing facilities. This work is scheduled for completion by March 20** and estimated to cost 3.52m.
This work will be carried out in consultation with the O*ford Street Association who is contributing financially to it. The association is made up of the major landowners on the street. There is also the New West End Company, which is made up of the occupiers of the premises on O*ford Street.

篇3：物業管家工作技能

　　物業管家工作技能

　　(一)物業專業技能：離開了物業管理談“物業管家”，尤如紙上談兵;因此作為“物業管家”首先要具備物業管理相關的專來技能，只有基礎的物業管理服務堅實了，“物業管家”服務的延伸與拓展才有了基礎與平臺。前期的銷售配合、交樓時的禮賓與交樓服務、裝修期間的監管服務和入住后的系列服務，都需要有良好的技能基礎。物業管家應熟悉國家和當地的物管法律、法規及有關政策，有一定土建工程知識和裝修管理知識。

　　(二)家政服務技能：解決衣食住行問題，是每個人都要面對的事，與之相適應的家政服務正源于此項需求。提供高品質家政服務也是“物業管家”的一項重要工作，因此“物業管家”應具備全面的家政知識，具備提供房間布置、裝修、美學、插花、烹飪飲食、家具保養、衣服熨洗、嬰兒看護、醫療常識及醫療護理等各項家政服務的技能。

　　(三) 基礎商務服務技能：“物業管家”服務隨著信息時代的來臨，涉及商務的內容也開始不斷增加，客人的委托代辦系列服務中，有許多涉及商務的內容。因此隨著“物業管家”的推進，商務服務技能也是管家應當具備的技能這一。

　　(四)貼身管家服務技能：管家式服務的內容十分的豐富，且服務的標準與要求很高，“物業管家”作為“貴族式”經典服務的提供者，應具備各類奢侈品服務、高檔餐飲服務、名貴物件保養收藏、高尚社交活動舉辦等一系列管家服務技能。

　　(五)服務拓展創新技能：服務是無止盡的，“物業管家”作為優秀的服務師，他們需要成為一名革新者，通過服務實踐，將不斷推陳出新型的服務產品完美地呈現給尊貴的業戶;同時他們還要是一名社區文化的倡導者和傳播者，積極地將和諧的社區文化，優質的生活方式，通過“物業管家”服務的形式，推廣到業戶，為業戶創造出更好、更美、更滿意的高品質生活。